Literature Review of Media 1991 Onwards in India
Overview of the agriculture sector in India since independence
The agronomics sector in Bharat is considered to be the backbone of its economic system. Agronomics is a source of livelihood for more than than lxx% of Indians in rural areas. Information technology contributes around eighteen% of the full Gross domestic product of Bharat (Department of Agriculture & Cooperation & Statistics, 2014). Similarly, the agriculture sector in Republic of india is also the largest employer contributing 49% of the full workforce. Autonomously from employment, agriculture also plays an important role in food security. According to (NSSO, 2013) an average Indian notwithstanding spends more than than half of the income on nutrient security. Yet, the growth rate of the agriculture sector in India has been fluctuating. The growth rate of agriculture in India mainly depends on rainfall equally the bulk of the cultivated area in India depends on rainfall (Dev, 2013).
Equally shown in the above figure the initial period after the independence the agriculture sector was facing a negative growth rate. Notwithstanding, after 1958 the growth rate has been positive except in 2002 -03 when the Indian agriculture sector was affected by severe drought. With the introduction of the dark-green revolution, the agronomics sector experienced an impressive growth rate from late 1960 to early on 1970.
Even though the growth rate of agronomics has been fluctuating, the contribution of this sector in total Gdp in India has been continuously falling. Despite the fact that the majority of the workforce is employed has been quite depression. Every bit shown in the figure in a higher place at the time of Independence agronomics contributed virtually one-half of the total Gross domestic product which has declined to eighteen% in contempo years which was more than 45% in 1954-55 (Arjun, 2013).
India has seen tremendous growth in rice product
Rice is 1 of the major nutrient crops grown in India and is produced in the Kharif flavor (or summer flavor). Rice is also produced in the Rabi flavour; however, the share of rice production in this flavour is low. Rice is considered a diverse crop that can be grown in diverse climates and soil conditions. Total rice production in India has increased past 430% from 1950 to 2014. The total production of rice was around 20 one thousand thousand tons in 1950 which has increased to effectually 106 one thousand thousand tons in 2013 – 14.
The yield of rice has been continuously rising. During 1950 merely 668 kg of rice was produced in i hectare of land which has increased to 2424 kg in one hector in 2014. The significant increment in the yield is due to the availability of the latest engineering, adult seeds, improvement in irrigation facilities, and new methods of production (Section of Agriculture & Cooperation & Statistics, 2014).
The growth rate of rice production has been very fluctuating. During 1983-84 the growth rate was every bit loftier as 27% whereas in 2002- 03 the growth charge per unit was as low as (–) 23%. The growth charge per unit of rice production in India is majorly dependent on the monsoon as the majority of the cultivated country is dependent on rainfall. The severe drought of 2002-03 leads to a significant decline in the entire agronomics sector. Similarly, during 1965 – 66 the growth charge per unit of rice production declined significantly. One of the reasons for the decline is the introduction of the green revolution which led to a shift in the production of wheat instead of rice.
High yield of wheat in India boosts the agronomics sector
India is the second-largest producer of wheat with a total production of 88.94 1000000 tons in 2014-15. Wheat is considered to exist the staple nutrient for the majority of Indian states. The total production of wheat in Bharat has been continuously increasing post-independence. Notwithstanding, the rapid increase in product was after 1965 which was the first phase of the light-green revolution. With the much-developed seeds, new methods for production, new equipment, and technologies, the total wheat production increased from 11 million tons in 1966-67 to 17 million tons in 1967-68 (Section of Agriculture & Cooperation & Statistics, 2014).
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The light-green revolution has had a pregnant bear upon on the yield curve. In 1966-67 only 887 kg of wheat was produced in one hector, which shows significant improvement after the light-green revolution. In 1967-68 in i hector 1103 kilograms of wheat were produced. Since then per hectare production has been continuously increasing which shows that wheat production has been continuously rising.
Similar to rice the growth rate of wheat production has been fluctuating. The growth of agriculture production in Republic of india (including wheat) largely depends on the monsoon. The highest growth rate was accomplished in 1967-68 when the growth charge per unit of wheat production was 45%. However, after 1970 the average growth charge per unit was less than 10% from 1980 to 2014 with a growth rate of below 5% (Ministry of Agronomics, 2015; Sebby, 2011).
The yield of Jowar has increased with decreased production
Jowar is considered to exist the staple nutrition, specially for low-income families in India. Autonomously from that Jowar can be used to feed the animals and used as raw materials in various industries.
As shown in the figure above, the total production of Jowar increased in the initial period of postal service-independent India however even though in that location were fluctuations. All the same, since the showtime of the 21st century, the total agricultural yield of Jowar has been continuously failing. During 2013-14 the full production of Jowar was five.39 million tons which were lower than the total production in 1950-51 when the total production was 5.50 million tons. The master reason behind the decline in Jowar production was due to the decline in the Jowar cultivated land. Similarly, the shift in product from the traditional product to modern commercial crops has also led to the decline in the total product of Jowar.
Fifty-fifty though the total area under cultivation is failing sharply for Jowar product, yield per hectare has been increasing with some fluctuation. The total cultivated surface area for Jowar declined from 15.57 million hectares in 1950-51 to 5.82 million hectares in 2013-14. The total production has besides declined from 5.50 1000000 tons to 5.39 million tons in the same catamenia.
The relatively low percent reject in the total product as compared to the total expanse cultivated is due to the fact that the yield per hector increased more than the decline in the area cultivated. In 1950 only 351 kilograms of Jowar were produced in one hector. Over the year productivity has increased to 926 kilograms of Jowar per hector. The significant increase in the yield is due to the availability of mod developed seeds and new methods of production.
Similar to other major crops the growth rate of Jowar also shows fluctuations. The growth rate was highest during 1992-93. One of the major reasons backside the increase in product was the good monsoon season and back up of the government to increase in the product of agriculture in India (Ministry of Agronomics, 2015; Zalkuwi, Singh, Bhattarai, Singh, & B.Dayakar, 2014).
Major problems faced by the agriculture sector in Bharat
While agriculture is the source of livelihood and the largest employer, it is as well the major supplier for the non-agriculture sector. The introduction of the green revolution and the availability of engineering has helped to increase the total production of major crops in Republic of india. Nevertheless, the lack of irrigation facilities and inefficient government policies has led to distress in the sector. The procedure of structural transformation has also been quite slow.
Still, the majority of the cultivated surface area is dependent on the yearly rainfall. In that location has been an increasing case of ingather failure and farmer suicide in contempo years. Similarly, the lack of constructive policy for the minimum support cost has too emerged equally one of the major problems. Likewise, the bulk of the rural population who are dependent on agronomics have pocket-size landholdings where the marginal productivity of each member is close to zippo. The major challenges faced by the agronomics sector in Republic of india include the lack of credit, soil erosion, lack of agriculture marketing, inadequate storage facility, and lack of proper mechanism (Dwivedy, 2011; Ministry of Agriculture, 2015).
In that location should be strong policies to heave the productivity of the agricultural sector. Similarly, the welfare of the small-scale and marginalized farmers should likewise be taken into consideration. In contempo times the introduction of crop insurance (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana) seems to exist a practiced initiation. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of the scheme can simply be analyzed after its implementation.
References
- Arjun, K. M. (2013). Indian Agronomics- Status, Importance and Role in Indian Economic system. International Periodical of Agriculture and Nutrient Science Engineering science, four(4), 343–346.
- Data.gov.in. (2016). Agriculture Production Stock Yield. Retrieved August 1, 2016, from https://data.gov.in/catalog/agriculture-production-stock-yield
- Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, & Statistics, D. of East. &. (2014). Agronomical STATISTICS AT A GLANCE 2014. New Delhi.
- Dev, South. G. (2013). Small Farmers in India: Challenges and Opportunities. Mumbai.
- Dwivedy, N. (2011). Challenges faced past the Agriculture Sector in Developing Countries with special reference to Bharat. International Periodical of Rural Studies, 18, 1–6.
- Ministry of Agriculutre. (2015). Agricultural SITUATION IN INDIA. New Delhi.
- NSSO. (2013). National Sample Survey Office. new Dellhi.
- Planning Commission. (2015). Data Depository financial institution on Agriculture and Allied Sectors. Retrieved January viii, 2016, from http://planningcommission.gov.in/sectors/agri_html/DataBank.html
- Ryan, J. Chiliad., & Asokan, One thousand. (1977). Upshot of Greenish Revolution in wheat on the production of pulses and nutrients in India. Indlan Journal of Agricultural Economic science, 32(three), viii–xv.
- Sebby, G. (2011). The Green Revolution of the 1960's and Its Bear on on Small Farmers in Bharat. University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Nebraska.
- Zalkuwi, J., Singh, R., Bhattarai, M., Singh, O. ., & B.Dayakar. (2014). PROFITABILITY Analysis OF SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN Republic of india. International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management, three(5), 707–714.
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Source: https://www.projectguru.in/agriculture-sector-india/
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